Markov Networks2026-08-28 (updated: 2026-08-31)explainermarkov‑networksmarkov‑random‑fieldsfactor‑graphsconditional‑random‑fieldsenergy‑minimisationgraphical‑modelsundirected graphical models — gibbs distributions and the partition function, hammersley-clifford, factor graphs, energy minimisation and map-mrf, separation semantics, moralisation, and conditional random fields.